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The Umkhonto ((ズールー語:spear)) is a South African family of modern short to medium range, all-weather capable vertical launch (VLS) surface-to-air missiles (SAM) manufactured by South Africa's Denel Dynamics (formerly known as Kentron). The missile and associated subsystems are supplied as a missile group for easy integration into naval combat suites or ground-based air defence systems. Umkhonto has been designed to counter a wide variety of air-borne threats, such as: multiple combat aircraft (fixed-wing or helicopter), anti-ship missiles, anti-radiation missiles, UAVs and drones as well as supersonic cruise missiles. When coupled with a modern air-defence system and multi-function surveillance track and guidance radars, the Umkhonto missile system has the capability to simultaneously engage multiple targets during saturation attacks. Umkhonto is available in 3 variants, a short range infrared homing (Umkhonto-IR), a medium range infrared homing (Umkhonto-ER) and a beyond visual range radar homing version (Umkhonto-R). ==History== Development of the system began in 1993. The first Ground-based system tests were completed in July 2005 and the system was judged to be shore-qualified. The tests included using Denel Dynamics Skua subsonic target drones equipped with telemetry sensors. Test flights flew different trajectory profiles, including low-flying, walking and exercising collision course evasive action.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Further money for GBADS 2 )〕 The first successful launch from a ship was carried out on board the South Africa Navy Valour-class frigate SAS Amatola on the 23 November 2005. The missile was launched at a Denel Skua subsonic target drone near Cape Agulhas. Test launches were repeated a week later. Instead of a warhead, missiles were equipped with telemetry data transmission units. According to the telemetry, both tests were assessed as hits. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Umkhonto (missile)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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